Care should be taken to avoid needlestick injuries, which may transmit infections, e. Introduction to pharmacodynamics reza karimi object i ves 1. Figure 11 illustrates the locations utilized in intravenous, intradermal, intramuscular, and subcutaneous parenteral 2 chapter 1 introduction to parenteral preparations. There are various methods existing that a drug can be administered to be a patient or a needy in present scenario 5,1025. It provides rapid delivery across the mucous membranes of the respirateory tract. Start studying medication administration lecture notes.
Understand the physiology behind the gastrointestinal tract and the route of oral drug administration and physiological influences on pharmacodynamics. Drug administration via the intramuscular im and subcutaneous sc routes is easily performed and provides relatively rapid 5 to 20 minutes onset of effect and a longer duration of effects see figure 188, a. This article deals with the salient features, advantages and disadvantages of some of the alternative routes of drug administration transdermal, pulmonary and parenteral routes. The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites. Routes can also be classified based on where the target of action is. It is most often seen in the form of a white, crystalline powder. Though the mechanisms of action of drugs delivered by these routes. Ppt pdf 10 routes of drug administration how are drugs administered. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. This chapter will begin by considering various routes of administration.
A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Transdermal drug delivery systems tdds have generated extensive interest as a preferred alternative to oral drug delivery and hypodermic injections, ever since the first scopolamine transdermal patch for motion sickness was approved by the us food and drug administration in 1979 1. Routes of drug administration refer to the right path or the required route through which a drug has to be administered into the body to obtain. Strict aseptic precautions should be taken while giving injections. Intravenous administration merits bypass first pass metabolism100% quick onset of action in uncooperative and unconscious patients those with nausea and vomiting hypertonic solutions and irritants large volumes amount of drug can be controlled accurately demerits antiseptic conditions. Injection administration of drugs page 5 of 9 march 16, 2020 prior to administering a drug, the process of informed consent shall consist of a discussion between the patient and the pharmacist which includes. Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. Route of drug administration with selection parameters in. Check your understanding of the methods of drug administration in this quiz and worksheet combo. Drug administration drugs merck manuals consumer version. Drug administration explore from the msd manuals medical consumer version. Drug kinetics pharmacokinetics describes how the body handles a drug and accounts for the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
Examples include poultices, plasters, creams and ointments. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. When the drug is applied to the outer skin, it is called enepidermic route of drug administration. Drug once reaches to the muscles, absorbs into the blood. Read the label of the drug carefully before administering a drug to the patient. Most of the drugs can be administered by different routes. Introduction to administration and kinetics of drugs. Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and. To obtain a general effect, the drug is usually given by oral or parenteral route. Use these tools to check your understanding before. Consequently, the routes of injecting and smoking which deliver drugs relatively quickly are considered more addictive than the routes of snorting insufflation or swallowing, which deliver the drugs more slowly. Introduction to pharmacology, and routes of drugs administration.
The 10th usjapan symposium on drug delivery systems fda center for drug evaluation and research data standards manual. A route of drug administration is the path by which a drug or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Int to ceutics free download as powerpoint presentation. Condition of the patient unconscious, vomiting, diarrhoea. Drugs that produce a change in the cell functioning are called agonists.
Mar 17, 2017 this echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. The chemical structure and nature of a drug may determine which route of administration can be used for. Section 1 basic medication administration information. Giving medication is not hard, but there are some things that you need to know in order to do it safely.
Given by injection into a vein intravenously, iv, into a muscle. Advantages safe convenient self administered, pain free, noninvasive and easy to take economical compared to other parentral routes usually good absorption takes place along the whole length of the gi tract no need for sterilization 6. This echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration. In australia, the authority that makes the overruling decision is the therapeutic goods administration tga. The primary route of administration for cocaine powder is through inhalation, commonly referred to as snorting. Topical administration to mucous membranes or skin. It is generally agreed that the more quickly a drug is delivered to the brain, the more likely it will lead to dependence. This route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal medicated adhesive patch.
Because the muscles lie below the skin and fatty tissues, a longer needle is used. Oral route the most common route of drug administration. Time of action using different routes of administration drugs take different time durations after injection using different routes to perform their actions. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology. As of 2014, nearly 27 million americans were current users of illicit drugs, and almost 67 million americans were current users of tobacco products. This is followed by a discussion of rectal, sublingual and injection routes of. Mcq 1 general introduction and pharmacokinetics 300884. Alternative routes of drug administration transdermal. Routes of medication administration there are several different ways drugs can be administered. The duration of action for various routes of drug administration is differ because the difference of rate of absorption of drug, amount of drug which been absorbed into the blood plasma and difference rate of metabolism and elimination of drug through the various of drug administration. Drug administration is the giving of a drug by one of several means routes. Medication administration lecture notes flashcards quizlet. Drug administration often the goal is to attain a therapeutic drug concentration in plasma from which drug enters the tissue therapeutic window between toxic concentration and minimal effective concentration.
Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. The route of administration is the way through which the dosage form is administered into the body for treatment of various diseases and disorders. Drug administration an overview sciencedirect topics. Ocular drug delivery is one of the most challenging administration routes, due to the eyes unique anatomy and physiology. Choose from 500 different sets of introduction to medication administration flashcards on quizlet. When the drug is rubbed into the skin, it is known as epidermic route. The definition of the topical route of administration sometimes states that both the.
Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. Administration of drugs by injection and other routes. Different routes of drug administration know the different drug administration routes as oral, rectal, parenteral, inhalation, dermal and mucosal. Introduction drug administration is very important and can be a dangerous duty given correctly restore patient to health given incorrectly patients condition can worsen medical assistant must understand principles of pharmacology understand fundamentals of drug administration routes. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration intravenous iv drugs may be given into a peripheral vein over 1 to 2 minutes or longer by infusion. Introduction to pharmacokinetics drug administration and. Route of drug administration is the medium in which any drug is introduced into the body for its action. In this route of administration the drug is given into the muscles with the help of injection. Identify sample pharmaceutical agents as to dosage form and. Rapid injections are used to treat epileptic seizures, acute asthma, or cardiac arrhythmias. Drug and patientrelated factors determine the selection of routes for drug administration. Routes of drug administration 1st edition elsevier.
First video in a new series in drugs and human behavior this video describes routes of administration and differences in absorption and distribution of drugs based on those routes. Understand the dynamics and functions of the major signal transduction systems and their different biomedi. It will provide you a complete journey through the routes of drug. Dosage forms like the tablets, capsules, syrups, suspensions, emulsion are taken by this route. The drug in the form of a solid pellet is introduced with a trochar and cannula. This time delay is important, oral route has controlled release time, thus depot or reservoir preparation may be made e. This standard provides for all routes of administration for drugs. Phar 7633 chapter 7 routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. Various routes of administrations play a marked role in the bioavailability of the active drug in the body. In general, drug absorption into the eye is limited and generally, less than 10% of the administered drug reaches the posterior segment of the eye. Learn introduction to medication administration with free interactive flashcards. Routes of drug administration advantages and disadvantages. The first step in pharmacokinetics is the administration and absorption of drugs.
Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable. Introduction national institute on drug abuse nida. Camille harris, in manual of exotic pet practice, 2009. Finally, it is critical to know how the body metabolizes and eliminates a drug so that you can be aware of problems that might arise if drug metabolism is altered by illness, disease, or other factors. Drugs that stop a normal function of the cell are called antagonists.
Once the drug is bound to a protein it exerts a therapeutic effect on the body, this is the pharmacodynamics of a drug. In fact, by definition, bioavailability of drugs is 100% by iv injection because the. Summary this echapter has an introduction to pharmacology and drug nomenclature followed by a detailed discussion of routes of administration starting with oral administration with absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, and first pass liver metabolism. Once the drug has been determined to be safe, effective and a significant costbenefit it may be produced, marketed and distributed to the public. Introduction to pharmacology, and routes of drugs administration and absorption. In general, drugs can be administered via two primary routes. Routes of administration worksheet accommodations for learning differences for reinforcement, the student will design a comparative chart listing dosage forms, their appropriate route of administration, advantages and disadvantages of each, and examples of drugs. Oral administration 2 overview the most commonly used routes for administering treatments to dairy cows are intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intramammary, topical and oral.
The laboratory mouse handbook of experimental animals. Muir iii, in handbook of veterinary pain management third edition, 2015. Administration of medication requires thorough understanding the drug, including. Different routes of administration may be used to achieve either systemic or local delivery of proteins and peptides. Drug delivery characteristics and pharmacodynamic properties vary depending on the route of administration chosen for the drug.
So well route of administration can be said as the pharmacological or toxicological entity is the path by which a drug or medicine is taken into the body. The administration of drugs by through the skin is also performed to achieve controlled or prolonged drug delivery, and this route can be explored as an alternative to the oral route. Introduction to pharmacology, and routes of drug administration and absorption. Pharmaceutics dosage forms and routes of drug administration.
Inhalation administration involves inhaling of a drug in gas or liquid form. Emergency or the impossibility of intake by mouth makes the parenteral route. The rate of absorption can vary markedly, depending on the physical characteristics of the drug lipid soluble and skin at the site of application. Administration via this route is less desirable for drugs that are irritating to the gi tract.
Intraocular drug administration an overview sciencedirect. Intradermal or intracutaneous into the dermal layer of the skin. Purchase routes of drug administration 1st edition. Routes of drug administration authorstream presentation. Route of administration shall consist of an alphabetic term which has a maximum length. Routes of medication administration are described in the table below. Very rapid absorption of drugs in aqueous solution 2. Introduction to pharmacology and sources of drugs authorstream presentation. Ankur choudhary print question forum no comments routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired. Pdf systemic absorption of a drug depends on its physicochemical. Introduction to administration and kinetics of drugs drugs. A drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. For small therapeutic molecules, various routes for drug administration are parenteral intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous, oral, nasal, ocular, transmucosal buccal, vaginal, and rectal, and transdermal. The route of administration is largely dependent on the property of the test substance and the objective of.
Each route has several variations, and each offers distinct advantages and disadvantages. Parenteral preparations circumvent the intestinal tract and, therefore, are not subject to pharmacodynamic properties associated with oral or other formulations. Ankur choudhary print question forum no comments routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response. The intramuscular route is preferred to the subcutaneous route when larger volumes of a drug product are needed. Administering a drug through the iv route involves the introduction of a. Sep 06, 2014 oral route the most common route of drug administration. Dec 19, 2018 route of drug administration is the medium in which any drug is introduced into the body for its action. It involves the clients health, healing and safety.
Table 11 lists various routes and locations of delivery of parenteral administration. A description of the drug and the administration procedure including benefits, side effects and lifethreatening risks. Pick out the parenteral route of medicinal agent administration. The key features of various routes are discussed here see table 21. Youre probably familiar with injections and pills that you swallow, but medications can be given. This route is used for gaseous drugs or those that can be dispersed in an aerosol, and is produces an effect almost as fast as with iv. Drugs are usually injected into the muscle of the upper arm, thigh, or buttock. Routes of the administration according to the data standards manual monographs.
82 176 782 709 1161 1015 1167 944 132 889 881 1539 571 1538 1467 104 1026 790 1104 75 1182 12 1381 981 1366 1379 466 691 1482 999 340 1159 491 782 1480 239 28 1122 287 1245 939 1005 265 695